[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.mdpr.cz\/ztracene-vzpominky-obnovene-u-mysi\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.mdpr.cz\/ztracene-vzpominky-obnovene-u-mysi\/","headline":"Ztracen\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky obnoven\u00e9 u my\u0161\u00ed","name":"Ztracen\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky obnoven\u00e9 u my\u0161\u00ed","description":"T\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f obnovil ztracen\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky v mozku my\u0161\u00ed. \u00a0 My\u0161i ve studii dostaly l\u00e9k, kter\u00fd jim zabr\u00e1nil v konsolidaci stra\u0161n\u00e9…","datePublished":"2025-02-25","dateModified":"2023-04-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.mdpr.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"mdpr.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.mdpr.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9d25b0af9840660883a67790aa4f595ddc226aa4680c4cf7bc03a25c14fcef85?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9d25b0af9840660883a67790aa4f595ddc226aa4680c4cf7bc03a25c14fcef85?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"mdpr.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.mdpr.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a299056_w2237_t1509127096.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.mdpr.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a299056_w2237_t1509127096.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.mdpr.cz\/ztracene-vzpominky-obnovene-u-mysi\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":512,"articleBody":"T\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f obnovil ztracen\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky v mozku my\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0My\u0161i ve studii dostaly l\u00e9k, kter\u00fd jim zabr\u00e1nil v konsolidaci stra\u0161n\u00e9 pam\u011bti. Ale kdy\u017e neurony, kter\u00e9 se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti, byly stimulov\u00e1ny pulzy sv\u011btla, zv\u00ed\u0159ata byla schopna z\u00edskat zapomenutou vzpom\u00ednku.\u00a0V n\u011bkter\u00fdch form\u00e1ch amn\u00e9zie mohou b\u00fdt minul\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky vymaz\u00e1ny, ale mohou b\u00fdt prost\u011b nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 pro sta\u017een\u00ed. Pokud se zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potvrd\u00ed u lid\u00ed, znalost by mohla b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ednosem pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed trp\u00ed retrogr\u00e1dn\u00ed amn\u00e9zi\u00ed, neschopnost\u00ed vzpomenout si na vzpom\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 byly provedeny p\u0159ed amn\u00e9zi\u00ed, co\u017e je \u010dast\u00e9 p\u0159i traumatick\u00e9m poran\u011bn\u00ed mozku, Alzheimerov\u011b chorob\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edch mozkov\u00fdch poruch\u00e1ch.\u00a0V\u011bdci ji\u017e dlouho diskutovali o tom, zda retrogr\u00e1dn\u00ed amn\u00e9zie vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z po\u0161kozen\u00ed neuron\u016f, kter\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165, nebo z blokov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k t\u011bmto vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1m. Kdy\u017e vznik\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165, populace neuron\u016f je aktivov\u00e1na a podstupuje trval\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 nebo chemick\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Tato sb\u00edrka neuron\u016f je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky pam\u011bti a mohou b\u00fdt spou\u0161t\u011bny specifick\u00fdm zrakem nebo v\u016fn\u00ed.\u00a0V roce 2012 se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee populace t\u011bchto engramov\u00fdch bun\u011bk existuje v mozkov\u00e9 oblasti naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 hipokampus, o kter\u00e9m je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee se pod\u00edl\u00ed na konverzi informac\u00ed z kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 na dlouhodobou pam\u011b\u0165. Nebylo v\u0161ak jasn\u00e9, zda tyto skupiny neuron\u016f proch\u00e1zej\u00ed chemick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami spojen\u00fdmi s konsolidac\u00ed pam\u011bti.\u00a0V nov\u00e9 studii se ur\u010dila skupinu bun\u011bk engramu v hipokampu my\u0161\u00ed s pou\u017eit\u00edm technologie naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 optogenetika. Technika zahrnuje injektov\u00e1n\u00ed viru do neuron\u016f, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed produkci proteinu citliv\u00e9ho na sv\u011btlo, kter\u00fd \u010din\u00ed bu\u0148ky aktivovan\u00fdmi v reakci na sv\u011btlo.\u00a0V\u011bdci um\u00edstili my\u0161i do komory, kde dost\u00e1valy m\u00edrn\u00fd elektrick\u00fd \u0161ok a zv\u00ed\u0159ata se rychle nau\u010dila spojit \u0161ok s komorou. Kdy\u017e se my\u0161i vr\u00e1tily do stejn\u00e9 komory o den pozd\u011bji, zmrazily se strachem.\u00a0Po \u0161kolen\u00ed v\u011bdci dali n\u011bkter\u00e9 my\u0161i chemickou l\u00e1tku nazvanou anisomycin, kter\u00e1 zabra\u0148uje konsolidaci pam\u011bti. Kdy\u017e byly my\u0161i op\u011bt um\u00edst\u011bny do komory, u\u017e nezamrzly na m\u00edst\u011b, co\u017e nazna\u010dovalo, \u017ee vzpom\u00ednka na bolestiv\u00fd \u0161ok nebyla konsolidov\u00e1na.\u00a0Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, kdy\u017e v\u011bdci pou\u017e\u00edvali impulsy sv\u011btla pro aktivaci neuron\u016f, kter\u00e9 zak\u00f3dovaly elektrickou pam\u011b\u0165, my\u0161i si pamatuj\u00ed sv\u016fj strach a zmraz\u00ed se znovu, kdy\u017e jsou v komo\u0159e.\u00a0Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee u my\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dost\u00e1valy l\u00e9\u010divo blokuj\u00edc\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165, nebyla pam\u011b\u0165 skute\u010dn\u011b ztracena, ale p\u0159\u00edstup k pam\u011bti byl jednodu\u0161e zablokov\u00e1n, uvedli v\u011bdci.\u00a0Tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e1 pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 stavy lidsk\u00e9 amn\u00e9zie, jako je \u010dasn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze n\u011bkter\u00fdch pacient\u016f s Alzheimerovou chorobou.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.7\/5 - (11 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Ztracen\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky obnoven\u00e9 u my\u0161\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.mdpr.cz\/ztracene-vzpominky-obnovene-u-mysi\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]